How to Use Market Growth And Market Share to Develop Strategy Assignment

Step by step instructions to Use Market Growth And Market Share to Develop Strategy - Assignment Example Realizing the piece of the pie of a business association, will without a doubt help in evaluating the effect of changes in staff, items, administrations, costs, dissemination channels, and even promotion battles. Having information on the development of the associations market will help in recognizing the better techniques that the association needs to establish so as to expand its client base. This paper analyzes the methodologies an association can use to build their market development, and offer. These techniques are vertical combination, and enhancement systems. In clarifying these procedures, this paper centers around an aircraft organization, for instance, the Emirates carrier organization. Procedures: Vertical Integration: One of the systems that an association can create as a result of having information on its development and offer is the vertical coordination strategy. Vertical coordination alludes to the extension of a business association into different territories that a re identified with its territory of activity (Thorson and Duffy, 2012). Take for example the emirates aircraft. The carrier organization may choose to purchase a stream filling organization. This technique is imperative to the association since it will assist it with refueling a huge level of its refueling needs. Vertical coordination is significant on the grounds that it encourages an organization to improve productivity, and diminish the expenses of its activity. For instance, the transportation expenses of the emirates aircraft will be decreased in light of the fact that it is the primary provider of its fuel. This thusly will build the productivity of the association, prompting a development in its piece of the overall industry and its tasks. The organization may likewise target dealing with its fundamental rivals. For instance, the contenders of the emirates carrier organization can be the British Airways, the... This report focuses on that most organizations mean to accomplish development in its market, and furthermore increment its piece of the pie. There are a few strategies that these associations can use to accomplish this goal. Be that as it may, this paper has concentrated on two primary techniques, that is vertical coordination methodologies, and enhancement systems. Vertical mix methodologies essentially worry about the development of the association into different territories that are identified with its creation and flexibly. This paper figures out how to viably distinguish the different techniques for vertical combination methodologies, and how they are valuable to an association. The creator announces that broadening methodologies then again includes the offer of part of the associations adventures, for motivations behind utilizing the cash picked up to rebuild the business association so as it might contend successfully in its different markets. This paper makes a cocnlusion that an organization can likewise choose to deal a portion of its undertakings on account of higher operational expenses in a given market, and henceforth the need of reducing expenses. Denote that an association that figures out how to decrease its costs, will most certainly accomplish a few parts of productivity. At long last, the best delight of a business association is to oversee catching a given section of a market. Catching these new markets by presenting new items and impacting utilization propensities will make a dynamic development for the organization, and an expansion in its piece of the overall industry.

Black Watch Essay Essays

Dark Watch Essay Essays Dark Watch Essay Dark Watch Essay A watch is simply a period attendant or a design articulation, however my watch is something imperative to me. It was a blessing from my father to monitor time during the SHSAT. At the point when I took the SHSAT it felt like my father was with me all through the test. I had it for just about a year now. I don’t go out without it. I recall when I was taking the SHSAT, I was extremely apprehensive. There were a great deal of understudies around me and an instructor at the front of the room. There were a great deal of inquiries I stalled out on; it resembled my psyche unexpectedly went clear. So I checked the time and considered what my father would state on the off chance that he was here. Presently I think back and state that I couldn’t breeze through the assessment on the off chance that it wasn’t for the watch. This watch has been a piece of my life from that point onward. My watch is dark like a tempest night and it has a metal ring around its face. On the sparkling dark face behind the glass spread there is an hour hand and brief hand. The hands move gradually like a snail. On the base of the face there are two dark circles with advanced interface. The center circle has a computerized clock and the other two circles monitors the seconds, which ticks continually. The rough band has 11 little gaps to help with locking the watch to your wrist. There are additionally 4 fastens that resembles square erasers, the light catch turns on the light right away. The blue light of the watch is as lovely as the shade of the sea.

Oedipus Rex Essays (1338 words) - Greek Mythology, Vocal Music

Oedipus Rex Toward the beginning of the play, the city of Thebes is squandering endlessly under a plague that leaves its fields and ladies fruitless. Oedipus, ruler of Thebes, has sent his brother by marriage, Creon, to solicit the house from Apollo to ask the prophet how to stop the plague. Creon returns, bearing uplifting news: when the enemy of the past lord, Laius, is discovered, Thebes will be restored of the plague (Laius was Jocasta's better half before she wedded Oedipus). Hearing this, Oedipus swears he will discover the killer and oust him. He poses Creon a few inquiries: where was Laius killed? did anybody see the wrongdoing? what number of men executed him? Creon answers: Laius was executed outside the city by a gathering of looters, and the main observer was a shepherd who despite everything lives close by. Hearing this, Oedipus solicits the individuals from Thebes if any of them know any data about the ruler's passing. The Chorus (speaking to the individuals of Thebes) recommends t hat Oedipus counsel Teiresias, the visually impaired prophet. Oedipus reveals to them that he has just sent for Teiresias. When Teiresias shows up, he appears to be hesitant to respond to Oedipus' inquiries, notice him that he wouldn't like to know the appropriate responses. Oedipus compromises him with death, lastly Teiresias discloses to him that Oedipus himself is the executioner, and that his marriage is an evil association. Oedipus resents this and bounces to the end that Creon paid Teiresias to express these things. He likewise derides Teiresias, disclosing to him that he is no prophet; a prophet ought to have had the option to answer the Sphinx's puzzle, yet Oedipus himself was the one in particular who could. Teiresias counters that despite the fact that he has no sight, Oedipus is the person who is oblivious in regards to reality. He asks him whose child he is and helps him to remember the revile on his folks' heads. He reveals to him that he will leave Thebes in disgrace. Irate, Oedipus excuses him, and Teiresias goes, rehashing, as he does, that Laius' executioner is directly here before him ? a man who is his dad's executioner and his mom's better half, a man who came seeing yet will leave in visual deficiency. Creon enters, asking the individuals around him on the off chance that the facts confirm that Oedipus slanderously charged him. The Chorus attempts to intervene, however Oedipus shows up and accuses Creon of conspiracy. The men battle until Jocasta, Oedipus' better half, shows up. They clarify the idea of their contention to Jocasta, who asks Oedipus to trust Creon. The Chorus likewise asks Oedipus to be receptive, and Oedipus reluctantly yields and permits Creon to go. Jocasta asks Oedipus for what valid reason he is so vexed and he mentions to her what Teiresias forecasted. Jocasta solaces him by disclosing to him that there is no reality in prophets or prophets, and she has evidence. Quite a while in the past a prophet revealed to Laius that his own child would slaughter him, and therefore he and Jocasta gave their baby child to a shepherd to forget about on a slope to kick the bucket with a pin through its lower legs. However Laius was slaughtered by looters, not by his own child , verification that the prophet wasn't right. In any case, something about her story inconveniences Oedipus; she said that Laius was executed at a spot where three streets meet, and this helps Oedipus to remember an episode from quite a while ago, when he slaughtered an outsider at a spot where three streets met. He requests that her depict Laius, and her portrayal coordinates his memory. However Jocasta reveals to him that the main onlooker to Laius' passing swore that five looters murdered him. Oedipus brings this observer. While they trust that the man will show up, Jocasta asks Oedipus for what valid reason he appears to be so pained. Oedipus discloses to her the narrative of his past. When he was youthful, a man he met revealed to him that he was not his dad's child. He got some information about it, and they denied it. Still it grieved him, and he in the long run went to a prophet to inquire. The prophet revealed to him that he would slaughter his dad and wed his mom. This so terrified Oedipus that he left his old neighborhood and stayed away forever. On his excursions, he went over a haughty man at an intersection and

War In The View Of Toni Morrison - Free Essay Example

Fighting in a war doesnt just change how a person views life, it can change how they act as well. Before Shadrack went into World War I, he was a young handsome man and fearsome-looking, but his experiences in the war left him emotionally scared. Once he returned to the bottom he become somewhat of a hermit. He survived off fishing and the Ohio River living in an abandoned shack. The only time anyone really sees him is when he parades through the Bottom carrying a cowbell leading the annual National Suicide Day letting people know that they can kill themselves or someone else. While people of the bottom think National Suicide Day symbolizes hatred, despair, and spiteful, Shadrack wants people to understand and realize that he can be understanding and kindhearted. Shadrack came up with the idea of National Suicide day because, It was not death or dying that frightened him, but the unexpectedness of both if one day a year were devoted to it, everybody could get it out of the way and the rest of the year would be safe and free (Sula 14). He implemented this on January Third every year. September 10th is world Suicide Prevention Day which helps to provide worldwide actions to prevent suicides since 2003. How Toni Morrison describes National Suicide Day in her novel Sula, is very different from what the world knows it to be. Toni Morrison published Sula in 1973 before there was a lot of research about suicide. The American Foundation for Suicide Prevention states that in 2017 Suicide was the 10th leading cause of death in the United States, and over 47,000 Americans died by suicide. These statistics do not include those who attempted to commit suicide. In 2015, 505,507 people visited a hospital for injuries due to self-harm (Suicide Statistics). There are statistics about race, age, and gender for suicide but nonetheless, suicide and suicide attempts occur across all demographics. In Jerry Lembckes article ?Shell Shock in the American Imagination: World War Is Most Enduring Legacy he writes, The war veteran suffering shell shock is one of the most enduring images of the twentieth-century war. Shell shock is a term that was coined during World War I, which later becomes useful in creating post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). During World War I, doctors saw soldiers experiencing things that they hadnt seen before. They had tremors, many soldiers had become blind or deaf and some had even gone mute. Soldiers who had physical disabilities also experienced these unexplained symptoms as well. Many believe that British doctor Charles Myers, a medically trained psychologist, coined the term shell shock, it was actually the soldiers who came up with the term. the Army appointed Myers as consulting psychologist to the British Expeditionary Force to offer opinions on cases of shell shock and gather data for a policy to address the burgeoning issue of psychiatric battle casualties (Jones). As time went on soldiers who hadnt been on the front line or experienced combat yet appeared to have similar symptoms. ?Dr.Joseph Babinski hypothesized the symptoms may be brought about not by the war itself but either by unintentional suggestion from doctors or by the patients auto?suggestion and imitation. (Lembcke). Many doctors had rejected the idea of Shell Shock. It got to the point where the British Army Medical Service outlawed Shell Shock in 1917. In 1922, the British War Office Committee outlined its findings by saying that The war produced no new nervous disorders, and those which occurred had previously been recognized in civil medical practice. Some people believed that those who had shell shock were repressing their memories of failure. Personally, growing up where disorders have been researched and have evidence of the cause, I believe that during World War I the experiences that the soldiers faced and the symptoms they had once they returned home will not only stay in their memory but it has changed who they are as a person, how they view others, and what they do day to day. Everyone experiences something traumatic, and that event no matter when it happened in someones life, it will affect them. For example, when I was in a car accident and I rear ended the person in front of me, I was scared to drive for a few days. Ever since that day I have changed the way I drive and how close I follow behind someone. I feel that the claims made by the British Army in 1917, was premature. they didnt have much evidence to support their claim. To say that the war produced no new disorder, is being ignorant and not doing the research to back up their claim. When Shadrack was released from the hospital after the explosion in the War, he couldnt stand to look at his hands. They kept growing larger and large the more he looked at them. He felt safe when he couldnt see the two things that he needs to do pretty much anything. Once he built up the strength to walk out of the doors of the hospital he struggled to walk, breathe, and see clearly. He was confused, lost and had absolutely nothing: No past, no language, no tribe, no source, no address book, no comb, no pencil, no clock, no pocket handkerchief, no rug, no bed, no can opener, no faded postcard, no soap, no key, no tobacco pouch, no soiled underwear and nothing nothing nothing to do (Sula 12). Shadrack had basically lost his mind. The cops showed up and took him to jail thinking he was intoxicated when in reality he was suffering from PTSD. He had post traumatic stress disorder from what he experienced at war and from being in the hospital for a year, not knowing who or what he was. H e knew what he wanted and remember what his life before war was like but he couldnt figure out how to get there. PTSD isnt something that is cured. When a soldier goes to war and comes home with PTSD, his life isnt the same. He has to deal with the triggers, reoccurring thoughts, visual images in his head and around him and he also has to try and hold himself together because he is a soldier and he is strong and brave. That isnt always the case for returning soldiers with PTSD. Not everyone who is diagnosed with PTSD is suicidal. Sy Mukherjees states in her article ?Whats killing Americas Veterans? Heres what the Data says an average of 20 veterans committed suicide every day in 2014. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs reported that the biggest issue is that veterans dont have access or dont get the health care services that they are entitled to. Many veterans die from accidental overdoses because they are prescribed painkillers to help deal with injuries from combat. It is unfortunate that the people who served our country end up accidentally dying, or kill themselves because they were out making our lives better. Shadrack is a good example of how some veterans are treated once they return home. People in the Bottom were frightened when they saw him on the first National Suicide Day. His eyes were so wild, his hair so long and matted, his voice was so full of authority and thunder (15), people didnt understand how to act around him. After the first couple January firsts, people understood the boundaries and nature of his madness. Today people know about PTSD and what type of events can trigger it but many people do not know that they can receive help and what some of the symptoms are. although the novel takes place from 1919 through 1965, and Toni Morrison wrote it in the mid 1970s, she does do a fantastic job at describing and illustrating what post traumatic stress disorder is. Much of what Toni Morrison writes is still true to how PTSD is today. Sula is so much more than just the character Sula and what she goes through. The novel is about friendship, the affects or war, poverty, feminism and racism. Toni Morrison ties all these elements into each other and created this fictional literature that people can learn from and realize just how the past isnt so different from the present.

Green shoots - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3952 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Introduction The whole world is aware of the improvements seen in the global economic system. Green Shoots seem to have become the favourite term for the financial gurus. But as is with ever theory, this too has its share of critics, with a school of thoughts terming these green shoots nothing but weeds. While the debates continue between the gurus and the critics as does the battle between the bulls and bears, the winners seems to be the stock markets, which are seeing increasing flow of funds. Just to get the facts right, the Sensex level has more than doubled since March 2009 when the key benchmark index stood at around 8000. The Q1FY10 results of the Indian corporates have been encouraging as the deterioration in the health of financials and business overall seems to have ceased, boosting the investor confidence. The economic indicators have improved and the FII flows have resumed their way into the Indian markets. Economic situation in India has stabilized after arrival of late monsoon and Indias GDP is expected to grow at about 7%. The factors playing a spoilsport are the possible threat of rate hikes by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and a growing fiscal deficit which is estimated at 6.8 percent of gross domestic product, which is a 16-year high. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Green shoots" essay for you Create order However, irrespective of the grey areas as regards Indias financial health, there is no denying the fact that the current environment seems lot more promising than that a year before. The past year was a nightmare for the global financial markets. The dramatic turn of events, which were unraveled post the subprime crisis claimed many world renowned and legendary business houses. Cash was king and no amount of pursuing would have led one to part with it for any form of other asset, as such investments were plummeting. Equities markets were collapsing like a pack of cards and the liquidity seemed to have suddenly evaporated out of the financial system across the world. But, now, after the intervention of the governments and federal banks across the world, the system is coming back to life and the investor optimism is slowly seen returning. The emerging markets are seeing the much needed liquidity return in to the economy. The credit-starved corporates, who were just managing to survive, are suddenly fuelling ambitious dreams. And to realize them, they have entered the primary markets with all their might to again woo the investors. Optimal Capital Structure Modern Finance Theory propounds that the capital structure of a firm should be chosen to maximize the value of the firms assets. It says that a company can select that option from amongst the various financing alternatives which adds maximum value to the firm. This requires some technique of measuring the cost and risks associated with these financing alternatives. The companies should aim at attaining optimal capital structure by selecting more efficient financing alternatives. Optimal capital structure refers to the use of equity, debt and other hybrid financing alternatives in such a proportion that it minimizes the cost of capital and risk while maximizing stock prices. One of the most important issues in corporate finance is responding to How do firms choose their capital structure? Determining the optimal capital structure has for a long time been a focus of attention in many academic and financial institutions. There are various methods for the firm to raise its required funds; the most basic instruments are stocks or bonds. The mix of the different securities is known as its capital structure, so it can be defined as the combination of debt and equity used to finance a firm. And the target capital structure is the ideal mix of debt, preferred stock and common equity which adds maximum value to the firm. The Popular Tools of Financing in the Domestic Markets Initial Public Offering (IPO) In case the company decided to go to the public and offer equity, the company, which so far was private limited becomes public limited through the mode of IPO, which, on one hand brings huge funds while leaving the controlling position in the hands of the promoters, but on the other hand the company has to comply with the complicates rules laid down by the regulatory authority of the stock markets. The IPO route is also chosen by some large privately owned companies who are looking forward to go public. The Indian corporates have developed a bad taste for the Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) after the clouds of instability settled over the financial markets, world over since 2008. The cold response generated by the largest of IPOs deterred the new entrants from testing waters in the last year and half. IPOs have been one of the most popular fund raising routes for Indian companies in the past. A small start-up during its initial days of struggle attracts money from the venture capitalists and private equity players. However, once the scale of operation begins to grow, it reaches a stage where the company, in order to unleash its complete potential and to fulfil its dream ambition requires enormous funds. To facilitate the transition of the companys future plans into reality, it can either dilute the equity or bring in debt. And very often the extent of funding cannot by satiated by debts, as no financial institution would part with their funds just to appear as a creditor, when they can get a slice of the companies equity for the huge sum. So the equity dilution comes as a lucrative option, where either general public is offered a stake in the equity of a company or a third party is offered a lump sum stake. The revival of investor interest in IPO market during the second half of 2009 is more likely to get a boost this year. As many as 50 companies have already filed the draft prospectus with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). Indian Inc. raised about Rs 20,000 crore through the IPO route in the year of 2009. With the government planning to dilute its stake in a host of profit making public sector companies by way of IPOs and follow-on public offers (FPOs) fund raising is expected to go up to Rs 50,000 crore in 2010. Qualified Institutional Placement (QIP) The year 2008-09 was not a really exciting year for the IPO markets in India. Similar dry spell was also seen in case of the relatively new tool of Qualified Institutional Placement (QIP), which saw lack of activity until recently. Qualified Institutional Placement (QIP) is a fund raising tool, wherein a company that is already listed on a stock exchange can issue equity shares or convertible debentures, or any other security (except warrants) which can later be converted into equity shares, to a Qualified Institutional Buyer (QIB). Other than preferential allotment, QIP is the only other speedy fund raising route for private placement by any company. Its better than other methods, since it does not involve many of the common procedural overheads, such as the submission of pre-issue filings which need to be made with the market regulator SEBI. Before the introduction of QIPs, the Indian listed companies, in a bid to make raising capital in the domestic markets simpler, resorted to raising funds from the overseas market by issuing Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds (FCCBs), American Depository Receipts (ADRs) and Global Depository Receipts (GDRs). In order to prevent the over dependence of the Indian corporates on the foreign capital, the market regulator SEBI had introduced QIPs in 2006, which enabled listed companies to raise money from domestic markets in a short span of time. Since their introduction, QIPs have proved to be attractive for companies as the issue cost is lower, the process is simpler and faster (no prior filing of draft offer document with SEBI), and compliance requirements are lighter as compared with ADRs/GDRs. Although QIPs were first introduced in May 2006, they actually gained momentum only in 2007. The QIP route stagnated in 2008 when the markets went into a bear grip. Ending the long gap in the QIP issues was the Unitech QIP. The issue saw as many as five large foreign institutions pick up about 15% in the companys shareholding for $325 million in mid-April of 2009. Unitechs QIP was followed by similar issues coming from IndiaBulls Real Estate which was worth Rs 2,657 crore and PTC India worth Rs 500 crore. As per the information provided by Prime Database, Indian companies had successfully raised a total sum of Rs 32,543.34 crore through 66 QIPs since its inception in May 2006. In 2006, there were 16 QIPs by Indian companies, followed by 41 in 2007. The appetite for QIPs diminished in 2008, and the markets witnessed only 8 placements, as fund raising became challenging in the wake of the global financial turmoil. In 2009, Indian companies had raised close to Rs 33,000 crore by way of 45 QIP issuances. Majority of share prices have seen significant correction since January 2008, when the markets were trading near their life-time highs. As a result of lower prices and improved liquidity in the system, recent times have seen has seen more buying interest from institutional investors. As many as 73 companies have expressed their intentions to raise funds through QIPs of approximately Rs 100,000 crore. Companies interested in QIP issues include Tech Mahindra, Sterlite Industries, Hindalco, JSW Steel, Reliance Comm. and Essar Oil Why a sudden rush of IPOs/QIPs? The Indian markets saw large selling of over Rs. 50,000 crore by FIIs in the year 2008. These outflows were a result of the global economic slowdown, where the entire financial systems had collapsed and stock markets across the globe were crashing to new lows in long time. It was the worst financial crisis witnessed in decades since the Great Depression of the 1930s. It is important to understand that this crisis basically stemmed from the realty market of US, where sub-prime markets saw big numbers of failures and foreclosures in servicing the loans. This led to a vicious cycle of cash crunch, which impacted the Mortgage Backed Securities (MBSs) built upon these defaulting homeowners loans. These MBSs were sold to the investment banker, who further repackaged these securities into unregulated asset backed security called collateralized debt obligations (CDOs), which is essentially repacking the MBS into categorized by the rating agencies into different tranches based on their assessed value by these agencies senior tranches (rated AAA), mezzanine tranches (AA to BB), and equity tranches (unrated). A huge chunk of these CDOs was brought about by the commercial bank in greed of huge incomes as a reward for higher risk associated with these securities. But this was not meant to be as these securities turned out to be toxic for the banks as the payoff coming from the homeowners stopped. This led to a severe credit crunch, which spread throughout the monetary system thanks to the greedy bankers. Now, this rot of the US home markets quickly spread to other markets world over as directly or indirectly, all the nations in the world had some interest in this leveraged asset class. It follows that Indian markets also reacted to this development in the expected negative way as the FIIs secured their positions by booking profits, which caused massive spells of corrections in the Indian benchmark indices. The FDI investment dried as a result of the liquidity crisis. As a result of this, those sectors, which needed heavy CAPEX to survive, were groping desperately for some sort of help from the government. The companies in the real estate and infrastructure sectors saw severe downturn, and many realty companies, who were starving for money, found it difficult to stay afloat, as the projects came to a screeching halt, the banks were reluctant in providing credit and home prices and sales kept falling. After much intervention from the government and the Reserve Bank the Indian markets started showing signs of recovery much before their European and American counterparts. Limited exposure of the India markets to derivatives like the CDOs and other MBSs was a major reason for India to emerge as a relatively insulated economy, safe from the dangers of the western markets. The domestic demand in the country has been strong, giving the markets a strong support. Also the election of a stable UPA government added to improving market sentiments amongst domestic investors. The comparatively swift recovery of India made it an interesting destination for FIIs who were looking for safer shores to invest. The revival in market sentiments came as a big relief to these ailing companies, who were rushing to raise money, majorly to retire expensive debt and restructure their balance sheets. The revival brought in a fresh wave of opportunities for these companies to consider the IPO/QIP routes to raise funds. Companies in the real estate and infrastructure sectors were especially looking at QIPs as a means to either retire debt or to fund ongoing projects. The major reason for increasing interest in the QIP route for fund raising is its time-effectiveness. While an IPO issue can take anything from 4 months to as long as a year, QIP issues on the other hand can be wrapped up within a span of 4-5 days. The 45 QIP issuances done during the year 2009 have resulted in a mark-to-market (MTM) profit of around 21.60 per cent, which is equivalent to about Rs 7,050 crore for the QIBs. The year 2009 can easily be labeled the year of the QIPs. And moving forward in 2010, till the time we see some serious appetite in overseas markets for instruments like converts/ADRs/GDRs, QIPs shall continue to dominate the fundraising space. Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds (FCCBs) FCCBs are a popular mode of raising money from the foreign soils, which is as much a benefit to the issuer as it is to the investor. It has the features of both equity as well as debt. FCCBs are typically issued as interest bearing or zero coupon bonds and are convertible during their tenure into equity. FCCBs are a popular source of raising money as they have considerable benefits for both the investors and issuers of the bonds. Similar to any other debt instrument FCCB brings the benefit of capital protection along with the chance to capitalize on any appreciation in the companys stock prices by means of conversion. This is very beneficial to an investor who will invest in such bonds. As for the issuing company, FCCBs are a source of low-cost debt as the coupon rates on such bonds are lower than the average lending rates prevailing in the markets. But in recent times of liquidity crunch and the market meltdown FCCBs have turned out to be a double-edged sword. Firstly, FCCBs were a concern due to the swelling foreign exchange losses of the Indian companies. Along with the MTM losses on derivatives, companies also had to make provisions for interest expenses on the issued FCCBs, following the severe decline of the Indian rupee. Later, the problem of high conversion prices for outstanding FCCBs made its presence felt in the midst of falling stock prices, underscoring the possibility of their non-conversion. In fact, the conversion price of their foreign currency convertible bonds in most cases is several times higher than their current market prices (refer to the table given below). To deal with the situation, the companies were left with two options. One was to redeem the bonds, which could raise the companys debt obligations that were already significant in some cases. The other was to reset the price to current market price, which could result in dilution of the promoter holdings, as it would mean issuing more equity shares in the market. Realizing the no-win situation that some of the Indian companies were in because of large outstanding FCCBs; the RBI had permitted the buyback of FCCBs in November 2008 (subject to fulfillment of specified conditions) through new ECBs (External commercial borrowings). A few months later the RBI allowed buyback through rupee resources as well. Private Equity Private Equity (PE) is the security of companies that are not listed on a public exchange. And as such these securities are not traded in the secondary markets. PE comprises of funds and investors who directly invest into private companies or buyout public companies that causes delisting of public equity. PE is an attractive financing option for small and emerging companies, who are planning to expand their operations and need capital for the same. PE makes more sense to Small and Medium Enterprise (SMEs) as compared to other options such as QIPs because of two major reasons. First is the added advantage of the financial and operational acumen that a PE investor brings to the company. SMEs can greatly benefit from the expertise of the PE investor. Secondly, since most of these SMEs are not listed on any stock exchanges, raising capital becomes a difficult task for them. PE provides them with the opportunity to raise funds without the need to be registered with a stock exchange. Private equity has witnessed phenomenal growth over the last few decades as institutional investors, seeking higher returns, embraced this alternative to traditional asset classes. The last few years leading into the current financial crisis was a boom period for private equity in terms of the size and number of deals, driven primarily by buoyant credit markets that have since squandered. In the year shrouded by an aura of uncertainty, India witnessed 287 deals in 2009 at a disclosed value of $4.43 billion compared to 502 deals with a total disclosed value of $11.98 billion in the year 2008 and 488 deals with an announced value of $15.61 billion in 2007. Some of the large private equity deals in 2009 included KKR and CPP Investment Boards $255 Mn investment in Aricent Inc., Siva Ventures Ltd. acquisition of 51% stake in S Tel Ltd. for $230 Mn and TPG Capitals $200 Mn investment in Mumbai based Indiabulls Real Estate. With respect to high value deals there were 14 and 9 deals over $50 Mn and $100 Mn respectively in 2009 as compared to 30 and 25 deals of over $50 Mn and $100 Mn respectively in 2008. Treasury Stocks Stake sales Both, the Sensex and the Nifty are today trading at levels near their 30-month highs. And many corporates are rushing to make the most of the current market rally. Consequently, promoter stakes sale and treasury stock sale has witnessed a significant rise. The highly leveraged firms, who are unable to raise further capital from other conventional sources, resort to this route, where in a bid to raise funds, these cash strapped companies promoters decided to sell a part of their stake or sell of the shares accumulated in the company trust and use the proceeds for financing their business activities. The trust structure or treasury stock gives the flexibility to a company to sell its shares at an appropriate time without undergoing the expansion of capital. Just a couple of days back on the 5th January 2010 Reliance Industries Ltd. (RIL) sold a part of its treasury stock for Rs 2,675 crore second such transaction in less than four months. The amount raised by this sale of shares, which were originally held by a trust, would be utilized for the proposed acquisition of LyondellBasell, the Netherlands-based petrochemicals company. In the process RIL sold 258.50 lakh treasury stocks at an average price of Rs 1,035 apiece, which was a 5% discount to RIL stocks December 31 closing price of Rs. 1089.40. Just a couple of months back, Reliance Industries (RIL) raised another Rs 3188 Cr from treasury stock sale held under Petroleum Trust. The company plans to utilize the raised capital to acquire some oil blocks overseas, following the dip in their valuations. The trust, which is a part of RIL, sold around 1% of its stake or 1.5 crore RIL shares at an average Rs 2,125 apiece. After the first RIL treasury sale episode, we saw an outbreak of activities in this space. The RIL treasury sale was immediately followed by a spell of promoter stake sales from various corporates in the open market. Taking advantage of the bull run in the stock market, the promoters of Construction firm Jaiprakash Associates, wind turbine maker Suzlon Energy and pharmaceutical giant Cipla sold off a portion of their treasury stake in the open market to cumulatively raise Rs 2,540 crore. The Tulsi Tanti family who are the promoters of Suzlon Energy sold off approximately 70 million shares out of their holdings (roughly 4.5 % of their total stake in the company) for nearly Rs 678 crore at Rs 96.85 per share. Procceds of this transaction will be used to support the operational expenses of Suzlon, which is sitting on a debt in excess Rs 12,000 crore. Jaiprakash Associates raised Rs 1,190 crore by selling around 45.4 million shares. Similarly, Cipla raised around Rs 672 crore by selling off shares to FIIs and Domestic institutional investors at Rs 263.75 apiece. Conclusion The green shoots seems to be the new buzz word as the monthly and quarterly indicators of the global economic health give away better numbers indicating the bottoming out of the recessionary phase or even early signs of recovery. But at same time one must forget that markets are not always a perfect indicator of the economy. It has often been observed that bull runs in the markets come much before actual economic recovery takes place. Certain aspects of the Indian economy are still not very convincing. Declining exports, inflationary pressures, declining kharif output are all indicatives of a fragile recovery. But what can be said is the fact that a bullish market is always bustling with fund raising activities. Be it IPOs, QIPs, PE or FCCBs. These activities come to a halt as soon as the economy enters a recessionary phase and the cash supply gets tight. A bull run is perhaps the best opportunity for a corporate to raise funds, with surplus cash being available with investors and when market sentiments are strong. So as we are on the edge of a fresh beginning of a bull run, the corporates have smelled the winds of change. To make the best of this opportunity, India Inc is shoring up its resources to enter the arena and win this round. PE funds in India have accumulated large cash surplus, which was raised in anticipation of a long bull run. Since the meltdown reduced investment opportunities, we can expect the utilization of these idle funds in the near future. IPOs and QIPs have already made the entry, the promoters are out there planning their moves indulging in open market activities of encashing this opportunistic rally and we can be sure that the FCCBs would soon follows once the consolidation happens, the financial markets gain traction and the markets resume the smooth upward journey. References Agence France-Presse (AFP): Bernanke sees green shoots of US recovery (Mar 15, 2009). Business Standard: Nomura revises Indias GDP forecast to 7% (Jan 03,2010). The Economic Times: Need to balance growth, fiscal deficit: FM (Dec 30, 2009). Determining the optimal capital structure by agricultural enterprises by Adrienn Herczeg. The Economic Times: IPO arena hots up (Jan 03,2010) Business Standard: Cos plan to raise Rs 50K cr in 2010 (Jan 03,2010). The Economic Times: What is QIP? (Jun 05, 2009) The Economic Times: India Inc lines up Rs 30K cr QIPs (May 30, 2009). The Economic Times: India Inc may take QIP route again for funds in 2010 (Jan 2, 2010) Business Standard: Recent QIPs give 39% returns (Oct 14, 2009). The Economic Times: FII inflows hit record Rs 80,000 cr-mark in 2009 (Dec 24, 2009). CNBC TV-18 : Why is India Inc taking the QIP route (Jun 10, 2009) Nimesh Shah, MD Fortune Capital Business Line: FCCB Double-edged sword (Dec 28, 2008) Business Standard : FCCB redemptions put India Inc in a Catch 22 situation (Oct 3,2008) ANNUAL DEAL ROUNDUP 09 : VCCEdge Reuters: KKR, CPP investment buy Flextronics pie in Aricent for $255 Mn (Sep 22, 2009) VCCircle : Siva Redials Telecom With 51% Stake In S Tel ( June 20 2009) The Times of India : RIL raises Rs 2675 crore via treasury stock sale (Jan 5,2010) Business Standard: Rally prompts promoters to sell treasury stock (September 24, 2009) The Hindustan Times : Indias recovery fragile, says RBI governor (Nov 27, 2009)

A Triumphant Ending For The Hero - 1344 Words

All villains are antagonists but not all antagonists are villains, It has been established in classic literature that the purpose of a villain sis to create a triumphant ending for the hero. In Jules Vern s, Around the world in Eight Days, the antagonist possesses much more than simply being the bad guy in pursuance of the protagonist to impede their clichà © happy ending. Detective Fix, as tenacious and stubborn as he is, offers much more than an antagonist who is fated to meet his doom in the end. Fix exists to drive the plot; diverting the sequence of events to satisfy his interests, rather than existing as a complement to valor. Without his efforts, the account of journey is predictable, depriving the readers of suspense and anticipation towards the story’s conclusion. His endeavor throughout the narrative was to arrest the famed robber who he believes is Fogg. Although being a part of journey, he showed the complexity of his disposition. A reader must overlook all the mi sdeeds and maliciousness Fix had performed in order to observe him beyond the image classic literature portrays antagonist, Verne develops complexity within Detective Fix as he is a flawed man who struggles to recognize his sense of morality because of false determination and greed. (Thesis) The misdeeds and inadequacy Detective fix performed throughout the novel come from his captivity from his own pride and vanity. He holds great pride because of the authority that his profession bestows him, HisShow MoreRelatedBeethoven, Symphony No 3 ( Eroica )1447 Words   |  6 Pageswritten in the key of E flat minor. This key is often used for pieces associated with nobility. Originally the work was meant to be written for Napoleon Bonaparte. Beethoven was originally going to title the work Bonaparte, since he saw him as the hero of the French Revolution. In 1804, Napoleon declared himself the emperor of France. 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Transnational Migration of Domestic and Care †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Transnational Migration of Domestic and Care. Answer: Introduction: Notions and theories with regards job, work, care giving, family and gender equality is not the same across the globe and hence major variations are noticed. There is a continuous tiff with regards maintaining a balance between the work and family. Gender equality is a global issue now. Various international institutions such as the International Monetary Fund, World Economic Forum, OECD Management and the G20 and such other various global institutions are presenting detailed reports and new data sets that look into the gender gap that exists globally and teach global equality to the world at large (Peng, 2017). All these reports, emphasise upon women working and how it would benefit the economies in the long run along with development of the human. However the issue here is that if men and women are paid equally, then who would perform the job of unpaid care and reproductive work which are presently being done by the women(Akhtar, 2016). As per the global statistics, women are the o ne who have a duty to take care of three quarter of all the labour which does not have any payments such as care of the children, elderly people at home and those who are ill or disabled at home as well. Gender equality is the talk of the town across countries but how the same is determined and is shaped by the existing work/care regimes in particular countries differs noticeably. The accounting for these variables call for an investigative framework that takes into account the sum of the labour which is needed to deliver new goods and services and the labour which is spent to give birth to the community and form a society. These components taken together contributes towards formation of total social organization of labour. Across countries in the world, the distribution of the work has been gender specific since past wherein the women are always suppressed and paid less per their capacity and capability and over-represented in unpaid care and continuation toil. The tradition of sex dissimilarity in the allocation of whole employment is dogged by the lines of the existing work/care regimes. It is the values and the rules that determine as to how a person contemplates work and care and how the same is understood by the society broadly, which defines as to what combines a good or proper mother, a good or ideal father and a good worker. Work/care regimes also emphasises upon a much broader gender order which is likely to differ as per the class, ethnicity, area and religion as well (Mackie, 2015). Any consideration of the featured parts of a particular countrys work/care regimes boils down to answering some of the crucial questions such as who performs the job of care, who pays for the job of care and where is the care provided. Women nowadays are a part of the paid work category for a number of causes. First and foremost is the low income category into which they fall where poverty is the main cause for them to toil for money. Economic crisis can also be a main reason for women to come out of their houses and start working for money. The said situation arose in Indonesia due to the Asian Financial Crisis Management which crept in the year 1997-1998 and in India as well where there was crisis in the rural sector in the early 2000s, due to which millions of women were forced by the circumstances to take up underpaid jobs (Hill, 2017). However the other side of the coin comprises of those women who are well educated and hence they desire to work. Also there are times when these educated women so as to challenge the existing gender inequality. In the Asia-Pacific however, prototypes of the womens labour force involvement are not so knowable. Such as India is a country wherein the contribution of women in the labour workforce is very less in comparison to other countries who have practically the same level of per capita income (Oxfam.org., 2016). Even within the countries the association amid the monetary and financial growth and womens enlarged and amplified labour force contribution is not mechanical. The reason behind the same is that the latter is dependent upon the socio-economic, cultural and political factors which takes into account the education of the women, social norms around marriage, fertility and the role of a female apart from the household that comprises of the domestic description and institutional settings such as laws related to labour and social protection frameworks. The fact that the female labour force participation has witnessed some stabilisation over the past twenty years in the global context, cannot be denied, however, with a slight decline within the female working age population(aged 15 years and above) from 52.2% in 1992 to 51.4% in 2012. But the said downfall in the figures is for a good reason i.e. increased education impartment within the girls and their retention as well. Further women who fall within the category of 25 years and above have witnessed a slight increase from 53.1% in 1992 to 54.2% in 2012. Unfortunately these global trends camouflage some of the most striking differences in the national participation patterns across Asia-Pacific. Although there has been a sudden surge in the participation of women in the labour work force in countries such as New Zealand, Australia and South Korea. Even in Philippines there has been an improvement in the last two decades which falls under the middle income category. By compare, India and China, two such economies who are emerging ones in a big way have lodged in a declining labour force participation rates for females, suggesting that rapid and high rates of economic growth management have not been able to deliver the inclusive development which their respective governments vouch for (Gornick, and Marcia 2004). The rate at which women are being paid for their job has been steady in Japan, Malaysia and also in Cambodia, Sri Lanka and Papua New Guinea who fall under the category of poor developing economies. Not only this, within the stated national trends, labour force participation of women differs basis their class, ethnics, location and religious profile, emphasizing specific patterns of inequality in the region. Asia-Pacifics trend with regards work/care regimes along with dealing with gender equality i..e participation of women in the work force has been flat with no undulating trends noticed. The low status of many of their paid work, calls for a variety of questions about the economic growth structure, poverty mitigation and blockades to womens prolonged contribution in paid monetary activity. There is witnessed, higher level of gender inequality with regards the formal wage and salary workers wherein the men are unreasonably given employment in secure jobs and full time as well, whereas the women are employed for part-time as well as insecure jobs (United Nations ESCAP, 2014). Women in Asia-Pacific, have to suffer from undertaking one fo the most important responsibility of reproductive labour which comprises of various kinds of unpaid work and care. Time use surveys reveal that across the region women, on an average are seen to perform more than twice the unpaid work of men even though there is a stark variability, wherein the female to male ratio of unpaid care registering between an average 1.71 in New Zealand and 9.8 in India. Unfortunately, in Asia-Pacific, there is very little support being noticed when it comes to the provision of caring labour (Baird et.al. 2017). Publicly extended child and elderly care services are not present or reachable or reasonably priced in most of the regions. However in many countries within Asia-Pacific are seen to have been providing some social support for care, but the additional room for these services is a challenge(Antonopoulos, 2009). The strategies adopted by the females for the purpose of taking care of these dynamics and their implication on paid work and unpaid care vary greatly across regions within Asia-Pacific. In some parts of the Asia-Pacific, part time employment is a common phenomena wherein the women are seen working in some paid jobs and at the same time also taking care of the family and the reproductive labour as well. But in many wealthy Asian countries, part time work is not so common. Middle class and the high class women manage their household work by employing foreign domestic workers who take up the job of paid care labour. Conclusion The supremacy of the family unit as the locus of care replicates the principles of gendered familialism that exists in all the countries of the Asia-Pacific. Gendered Familialism shows that care is basically a private responsibility and duty of all females basis specific assumptions i.e. families are unselfish and it is the inbuilt duty of all women to take care of the family. The anticipation that women should ensure to undertake the role of care givers to the children and elderly people at home in acutely embedded in all the countries within Asia-Pacific. The same is found to be existent in post communist countries such as Cambodia and China as well as the pre-capitalist economies of Papua New Guinea and Timor-Leste. The scantiness of current work/care regimes and their involvement to enveloping gender inequality converses unswervingly to the comprehensive focus on gender equity and womens enlarged contribution in the economy. Change is the need of the hour and the same is very muc h clear. The work/care regimes found in Asia-Pacific offers an opportunity to all to think again about how work and acre are constituted and the role that work/care regimes have to perform in the push towards equality between male and female. References: Antonopoulos,R., (2009), The Unpaid Care Work- Paid Work Connection, International Labour Organization Working Paper No. 86 Geneva : ILO Akhtar,S., (2016), Tackling the Asia-Pacifics Inequality Trap, Available at https://thediplomat.com/2016/03/tackling-the-asia-pacifics-inequality-trap/ (Accessed 05th October 2017) Baird,M., Ford,M., Hill, E., (2017), Women, Work and Care in Asia-Pacific, Routledge: London Gornick, J. C., and Marcia K. Meyers. (2004). Welfare Regimes in Relation to Paid Work and Care. Chapter 3 in Janet Zollinger Giele and Elke Holst (eds.) Changing Life Patterns in Western Industrial Societies. Netherlands: Elsevier Science Press, 45-67. Hill,E., (2017), Women, Work and Care in the Asia-Pacific: work/care regimes in a context of extreme inequality, Available at https://ppesydney.net/elizabeth-hill-women-work-care-asia-pacific-workcare-regimes-context-extreme-inequality/ (Accessed 05th October 2017) Mackie,V., (2015), The Crisis of Care and the Future of Work in the Asia-Pacific Region, Journal and proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, Vol. 148, no. 457 458, pp. 176-184. Available at https://royalsoc.org.au/images/pdf/journal/RSNSW_148-2_Mackie.pdf (Accessed 05th October 2017) Oxfam.org., (2016), Underpaid and Undervalued : How Inequality Defines Womens Work in Asia, Available at https://www.oxfam.org/sites/www.oxfam.org/files/file_attachments/ib-inequality-womens-work-asia-310516.pdf (Accessed 05th October 2017) Peng,I., (2017), Transnational Migration of Domestic and Care Workers in Asia Pacific, Available at file:///C:/Users/E-ZONE/Downloads/r3.pdf (Accessed 05th October 2017) United Nations ESCAP., (2014), Confronting Inequalities in Asia and the Pacific : The Role of Social Protection, Available at https://socialprotection-humanrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Social-protection-working-paper-2014.pdf (Accessed 05th October 2017)